How Has the Approach to Art Conservation Changed Over the Past 50 Years
If you've ever taken an art history course or spent time in a fine arts museum, chances are you know a lot about the men who "divers" their mediums. Equally with other subjects, most of what we learn about fine art history today notwithstanding centers on white men from Europe and, later, the United states of america. In reality, there are so many more artists of all genders to acquire from and appreciate.
Hither, we're specifically taking a wait at only some of the women who have had lasting impacts on their art forms. From some of the art world'due south near iconic pioneers to its about unsung heroes, these women artists all had a mitt — and, in some cases, still have a manus — in irresolute the world of fine art and how nosotros define information technology.
Laura Wheeler Waring
Laura Wheeler Waring was an artist and educator who taught at Cheyney Academy in Pennsylvania for more than thirty years. After studying the work of painters like Cézanne and Monet while away, she returned to the United states of america, becoming best known for her portraits of prominent Blackness Americans, many of which were painted during the Harlem Renaissance.
Cindy Sherman
Photographer Cindy Sherman was function of the Pictures Generation during the 1980s, and is possibly well-nigh well known for her series of Untitled Film Stills (1977–80) — cocky-portraits in which Sherman "posed in the guises of diverse generic female motion-picture show characters, among them, ingénue, working girl, vamp, and lonely housewife" (via MoMA). In this series, and those that followed, Sherman used photography to question the media's influence over our individual and commonage identities.
Yoko Ono
You might first think of Yoko Ono every bit a musician and activist, merely she's also an accomplished operation and conceptual artist. Ono was considered a pioneer in the performance art movement, earning the nickname the "High Priestess of the Happening".
One of her nearly revered works, Cutting Slice, was a operation she showtime staged in Japan; Ono sat on stage in a prissy accommodate and placed pair of scissors in front of her, and, in an act of daring vulnerability, invited audience members to come on stage and cutting away pieces of her clothing. "Fine art is like breathing for me," Ono has said. "If I don't do it, I offset to choke."
Betye Saar
Before becoming a printmaker and activist, Betye Saar studied blueprint and was employed as a social worker. A printmaking elective changed her entire career trajectory — and, in plough, function of the trajectory of art history.
Saar was role of the Blackness Arts Motility in the 1970s and, through painting and aggregation, critiqued institutionalized racism and the racist stereotypes white people held toward Black Americans. "To me the trick is to seduce the viewer," Saar has said. "If you tin can get the viewer to wait at a work of art, then you lot might exist able to requite them some sort of message."
Frida Kahlo
It'south rare to notice someone who hasn't at least heard of Frida Kahlo. A self-taught painter from Mexico, she is best known for exploring themes similar decease and identity through her cocky-portraits. Kahlo often used bold, bright colors to create her symbol-rich works, and was regarded as one of the most influential artists of the Surrealist movement.
Yayoi Kusama
Yayoi Kusama started painting at a very young historic period, but she's as well known for her hyper-real sculptures, polka dots, installations, and and then much more. Like many of her peers, Kusama embraced the counterculture of the 1960s, employing nudity in much of her work. Today, she continues to create works for her enduring Mirror/Infinity rooms serial, which employ mirrors and lit objects to create a sense of endlessness.
Amy Sherald
Amy Sherald is an American painter and portraitist who depicts Black Americans, often doing everyday activities — something that became more mutual in portraiture writ large in the mid-19th century. Odds are that you recognize Sherald's work — and her signature grayscale skin tones — as she was the showtime Black woman to complete a presidential portrait for the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery.
Georgia O'Keeffe
Known as the mother of American modernism, you likely associate Georgia O'Keeffe with her paintings of New United mexican states's landscapes, flowers, skulls, and, merely maybe, the skyscrapers of New York City. In the 1920s, she was the first woman painter to gain the respect of the New York art world, all by painting in her unique style.
Adrian Piper
Adrian Piper became a pioneering minimalist, feminist, and conceptual artist in 1970s New York City. She used her work to question society, identity, and racial politics by demanding the audience to face up truths well-nigh themselves. She ofttimes challenged people on the streets of New York to guess her race, socio-economic class, and gender — all while dressed equally a Black man with a fake mustache and sunglasses, or while wearing compelling statements on her apparel.
Shirin Neshat
Shirin Neshat left Islamic republic of iran in 1974 to study art in Los Angeles, California — before the Iran Islamic Revolution took place. She is best known for her photography, moving-picture show, and video piece of work, much of which explores the relationship between Islam's cultural and religious systems and women. Moreover, Neshat's works often create a sense of solidarity and empowerment.
Jenny Holzer
As a neo-conceptual artist, Jenny Holzer's work focuses on words and ideas, which she puts on advertizement billboards, projects onto buildings and adds to electronic displays or neon signs.
These works display phrases that act as meditations on diverse concepts, such as trauma, knowledge, and hope. Ane of her more notable works, I Olfactory property You On My Peel, makes the viewer question what kind of sentiment the sentence conveys.
Rebecca Belmore
Much of Rebecca Belmore'southward art addresses identity and history — and, in particular, houselessness and the voicelessness of the First Nations People in Canada. As an Anishinaabekwe artist, she works to raise awareness effectually the prejudice, violence, and attempted erasure of Ethnic Northward American culture. In 2005, she was the beginning Ethnic adult female to correspond Canada at the Venice Biennale.
Louise Bourgeois
While a prolific printmaker and painter, Louise Conservative is better known for her installation art and sculptures — like the spider above — which were inspired by her ain experiences and memories. Throughout her career, she created revolutionary works during a time when brainchild and conceptual fine art were the primary styles shaping the art world.
Mickalene Thomas
Heavily influenced by pop civilisation and pop art, Mickalene Thomas often embellishes her paintings with rhinestones and uses colorful acrylic paints. In her work, Thomas centers Black American women, whom she believes embody ability and femininity.
Judy Chicago
Judy Chicago was one of the major figures inside the early on Feminist Art movement. As exemplified in her iconic piece of work The Dinner Party, her installation pieces oft examine the office of women in history and culture — in the 1970s and earlier. While at California State University in Fresno, Chicago founded the beginning feminist art program in the U.s..
Augusta Savage
Augusta Roughshod was an American sculptor during the Harlem Renaissance who worked toward securing equal rights for Blackness Americans in the arts. In addition to creating breathtaking sculptures, frequently of Black folks, Savage founded the Savage Studio of Arts and Crafts in Harlem in 1932, and, a few years later, she became the first Black American elected to the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors in 1934.
Carolee Schneemann
Known for her provocative performance art practices, Carolee Schneemann is considered the progenitor of "body art". (Just look up her near famous piece of work, Interior Curlicue, and you'll come across what nosotros hateful.) She used her body to examine women's sensuality and liberation from the oppressive artful and social conventions established by our patriarchal society.
Nan Goldin
Famous for her in-the-moment photography, Nan Goldin's work challenges traditional power relations. In addition to documenting New York City's queer subculture postal service-Stonewall, Goldin explored the HIV/AIDS crunch, opioid epidemic, and LGBTQ+ bodies.
Elaine Sturtevant
Does this wait similar an Andy Warhol to yous? Well, that's the thought! Elaine Sturtevant, who went by her last name professionally, was a conceptual artist known for her inexact replicas — that is, not-quite-correct copies of big-name artists' work.
Some artists and critics encouraged her efforts, while others became quite angry. Nonetheless, Sturtevant used her works to explore the concepts of authorship, originality, and the structure of fine art culture.
Ruth Asawa
During the 1960s, Ruth Asawa created increasingly circuitous wire sculptures. A San Francisco-based artist, Asawa'due south last public commission was the Garden of Remembrance at San Francisco Land University, which was created to recognize Japanese Americans who were interned during World War II.
Catherine Opie
Known for her studio, portrait, and mural photography, Catherine Opie has been a lensman since the age of nine. She uses her photography to examine social norms, and, in doing so, displays diverse subcultures in formal portraits — but in a way that conveys power and respect by evoking traditional Renaissance portraiture.
micha cárdenas
micha cárdenas is an creative person, author, theorist, and assistant professor who won an Touch Award at the Indiecade Festival in 2020 and the Creative Award from the Gender Justice League in 2016. She believes education is the path to liberation and uses VR and fine art to address global issues such as racism, gendered violence, and climate change.
Lee Krasner
Lee Krasner was an Abstract Expressionist painter who as well specialized in collaging. Her works capture a spirit of relentless reinvention, from her Cubist drawings and aggregation to her portraits and murals for the Works Progress Administration (WPA).
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